With the surge of electric vehicles, understanding the intricacies of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) becomes increasingly essential for Licensed Electrical Contractors (LECs). Karen Ras and Trevor Tremblay from the Electrical Safety Authority delve into the latest advancements and safety considerations for EVSE installations, including software-based adjustments, standardized connectors, bi-directional charging, mechanical protection, and conduit installation.
From Manual to Software-Based Adjustments
While early EVSEs required manual adjustments through dip switches, allowing users to set the amperage to their specific needs, the industry has evolved towards software-based configurations.
Trevor explains that today, however, “most of the new ones are actually software-based. So essentially you have a commissioning app that connects either directly to the unit through WiFi direct or through a WiFi network or Bluetooth, and you do all your programming to make sure that you can output whatever your demand needs.”
This software advancement not only simplifies the installation process but also enhances safety by ensuring only authorized users can make adjustments.
Enhancing Safety and Standardization
The industry has made significant strides in standardizing connectors, reducing the need for multiple adapters, and ensuring safer installations.
Safety and standardization have now become critical in EVSE installations. Trevor highlights a significant advancement: “Manufacturers are actually getting together and coming up with a standardized connector. So when you go to charge your car, leave the home, you don’t need multiple adapters everywhere you go to make sure you can charge your car.”
One crucial aspect highlighted is the labeling and restricted access for adjustment settings. Permanent labeling of maximum output and ensuring that adjustments are only accessible through tools or unique passwords help prevent accidental changes that could overload circuits.
“You have to permanently label the equipment, making sure that it's identified what the maximum output is and the new rating and if the access to the adjustment is restricted,” says Trevor. Permanently labeling equipment helps prevent accidental changes that could lead to overloading circuits.
Disconnecting Means and Mechanical Protection
One common query about EVSE installations is whether a separate disconnecting means is necessary. “You can use the new derated value when determining if a disconnect is required. So if your new rating value is under the 60 amps, then you would not need a separate disconnecting means. But if it's over 150 volts, you'd still need that,” Trevor clarifies.
This flexibility is particularly useful for maintaining aesthetics in commercial installations, such as car showrooms, without compromising safety.
In terms of mechanical protection, EVSEs located in parking lots often face damage from vehicles. Trevor notes, “We also see damage to the cords. We do have that bulletin, again, 86-1, dedicated to EVSEs that give some requirements on what we'd accept from mechanical protection and where they could be located.”
Addressing Load Management and Service Upgrades
Trevor explains that installing an EVSE doesn’t always require upgrading the home’s electrical service. “It would depend on a load calculation from Section 8, or you can also provide historical demand for the dwelling.”
For older panels, however, an upgrade is recommended to avoid future issues. “Nothing beats time. It always wins. And the older your service is, the more likely it is to give you issues in the future,” he adds.
Bi-Directional Charging and Utility Notifications
Bi-directional EVSEs, which allow for backfeeding power from the car to the home or grid, are gaining traction. However, it's vital for users to notify their utility companies to prevent unintended backfeeding into the grid. These systems must comply with Sections 84 and 64 of the code, similar to battery storage or solar installations, ensuring comprehensive safety measures are in place.
“Make sure your utility does know that you'll be backfeeding because there is a possibility you could backfeed the grid and they need to know this.”
Trevor also clarifies whether it is permissible to install an ENT conduit underneath concrete slabs in direct contact with the gravel base:
“Yes, it is permitted provided that the slab is at least a hundred millimeter thick and the location and depth of the underground installation is marked in a conspicuous, legible and permanent manner and not subject to mechanical damage.”
By staying informed and following the updated guidelines and technology, LECs can promote safety and compliance when handling EV Supply Equipment, increasing utility and ensuring the safety of residents and workers.
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